Secret Teachings - Shabbat 6b

"Rav said, I found a secret scroll of the school of Rabbi Hiyya wherein it is written, Issi ben Yehuda said: There are thirty-nine principal labours, but one is liable only for one."

While catching up with Daf Yomi today (the chagim threw off my schedule), I came across this fascinating line, in which Rav claims to have found a secret teaching of Rabbi Hiyya which seems to contradict some of our basic assumptions about shabbat, namely that breaking the melachot, the 39 labours, makes us liable for punishment. This secret scroll says that this is not the case, though it also does not tell us which we are liable for.

The Talmud interprets this differently, namely that one of the melachot does not make us liable, but if we read this teaching as stated, why did Rabbi Hiyya keep it secret? Did he think it too dangerous or too heretical to reveal? And why does Rav feel free and able to reveal that which Rabbi Hiyya sought to conceal?

Keeping Secrets
All of which makes me wonder whether there are ideas and teachings that we hold, that as future leaders we could or perhaps even should keep secret from our communities. Are there teachings which would do too much damage to reveal? Or is everything Torah, and our communities sophisticated enough to handle the most academic or esoteric of topics?

For example, if I work in a devout community, that keeps halacha because they believe Moses literally received the whole Torah from God, should I teach them otherwise or keep my sense of history and criticism a secret?

Reveal Secrets
Moreover, if I uncover a secret, an opinion that one of my teachers did not reveal, do I have the right to share that with the world, regardless of how it may change how that teacher is seen?

The border between public and private grows ever more blurry, as ideas are written, shared and recorded faster and more often than ever before. But I suspect that we as community leaders need to consider what we are sharing, and what we should be keeping secret.

Amen, amen! - Brakhot 53b

Rabbi Yosi says: Greater is he who answers 'amen' than he who says the blessing. Said Rabbi Nehorai to him: By heaven it is so! The proof is that while the common soldiers go down and open the battle, it is the mighty ones who go down to win it!

Another chapter is finished, leaving just one to go before the end of our first masechet (let's have a seudah!). But I was struck by the debate on 53b about whether it's better to lead the blessing or say amen. While Rav and Rav Huna urge their children to just grab the cup and say birkat hamazon, Rabbi Yosi and Rabbi Nehorai provide an interesting counterpoint, with an unusual image.

The person leading the beracha, according to this metaphor, are like the front line of an attack, leading a foray. This requires courage and determination certainly, but it may also be a little foolhardy, leaving you in a vulnerable position. Without the giborim, the mighty ones, to reinforce your position, the war would never be one.

As a community leader and future rabbi, as well as being someone who prefers leading services to joining them, this idea is both challenging and inspiring. I am far more likely to be the one grabbing the cup and saying the blessing, getting up on the bimah and leading the davening, but Rabbi Nehorai reminds me of a few key facts:

             -A leader with no community will not succeed. The community are our reinforcements, our giborim, as we go to war.

             -Not only is there no shame in just saying amen, in fact by supporting the community atmosphere, you are contributing to a vital job. Your presence, with your participation, qualifies you as a mighty warrior.

As you go into Yom Kippur, and get ready to wage war against our sins, remember the teaching of Rabbi Nehorai - and look to your giborim for support.

If the Talmud Could Vote for President... -- Brakhot 27b

In this season of political fervor, it is inspiring to see the Gemara offer its own take on how to pick the best candidate:

נוקמיה לר' אלעזר בן עזריה דהוא חכם והוא עשיר והוא עשירי לעזרא הוא חכם דאי מקשי ליה מפרק ליה והוא עשיר דאי אית ליה לפלוחי לבי קיסר אף הוא אזל ופלח והוא עשירי לעזרא דאית ליה זכות אבות ולא מצי עניש ליה

When they overthrew the authority of Rabban Gamliel, the community elected R' Elazar ben Azariyah to replace him because he possessed three qualities:

1. He was wise

2. He was rich

3. He was the tenth descendant of Ezra

We know Obama is quite smart, and that Romney's finances are stable, so shall we start checking their pedigrees?

In all seriousness though, what does this advise us? It advises us that:

1. Wisdom is key when making difficult decisions,

2. An effective leader needs sufficient resources for recourse, and

3. Where a person comes from says a lot about where they can  go.

If these and no other principles were guiding our electoral choices, what sort of government would we see?